AUDIENCE
An audience is when a group of people gathers to encounter a piece of literature, a work of art, music (concerts etc), theatre and many others. Members of an audience participate in separate ways; some events only allow clapping, criticism and reception where as other events invite an overt audience participation.
ADVERTISING STANDARDS AUTHORITY(ASA)
The ASA stands for the Advertising Standards Authority, and is the UK’s independent watchdog dedicated to maintaining high standards in advertising for the benefit of consumers, advertisers and society at large. The ASA is the independent regulator of advertising across all media including TV, internet, sales promotions and direct marketing, there role is to ensure ads are legal, honest and decent by applying the advertising codes.
BROADCASTERS AUDIENCE RESEARCH BOARD (BARB)
The BARB or Broadcasters Audience Research Board is an establishment that complies television ratings in the United Kingdom. It was created to replace a previous system where companies such as the BBC and ITV companies complied their own ratings. The BARB is owned by the BBC, the ITV companies, Channel 4, Five, BSkyB and the Institute of Practitioners in Advertising, participating views have a box on top of their TV which tracks the programmes they watch.
THE BRITISH BOARD OF FILM CLASSIFICATION (BBFC)
The BBFC stands for The British Board of Film Classification and is an independent, non-governmental body which was set up in 1912 and has classified cinema films since that year, as well as this they have also classified DVD’s and Videos since the Video Recordings Act was passed in the year 1984. They rate theatrically-released films as well as rated video games and videos that forfeited exception from the VRA (Video Recordings Act) of 1984, which in August 2009 was discovered to be unenforceable until the act was re-enacted as the VRA 2010.
BROADCASTING
Broadcasting is the supply of video and audio content to a dispersed audience via radio, television, or other, often digital transmission media, receiving parties may include the general public or a relatively large subset of thereof. Broadcasting forms a very large portion of the mass media, broadcasting to a vary narrow range of audience is called narrowcasting. The term broadcast referred to the sowing of seeds on farms by scattering them over a wide field, it was adopted first by early radio engineers from Midwestern United States, to refer to the dissemination of radio signals
COMPANY SIZE: MAJOR COMPANIES (TNC)
The TNC Management Group is based in Morristown New Jersey and it provides expertise and experience in project management, management consulting and business analytics for the insurance industry.
COMPANY SIZE: BIG TO MEDIUM SIZED
A medium sized business would have fewer than 500 employees in the United States, 250 in the European Union and less than 200 in Australia, a larger sized business however would have under a 1000 employees in the United States, 500 in the European Union and less than 250 in Australia.
COMPANY SIZE: INDEPENDENT
An Independent company is commonly the same size as a medium or large company and as such the size of employees are around the same as well, so if an independent company was the same size as a medium sized company and was in the US, it would have under 500 employees, however if it was a larger independent company in the US it would have a 1000 employees.
CROSS MEDIA COMPANIES
Cross Media Marketing is a form of cross promotion where promotional companies commit to surpassing the normal “typical” advertisements and decide to include extra appeals to their offered products. The material can be communicated by any mass media such as letters, web pages or other recruiting sources. This particular method can be supremely successful for publishers as the marketing increases the ad’s profit from a single advertiser.
HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION
Horizontal Integration is a type of ownership and control, it is a strategy used by a business or corporation that seeks to sell a product in numerous markets. Horizontal integration in marketing is more common than vertical integration is in production. Horizontal Integration occurs when a firm is being merged or taken over by another firm which is in the same industry and in the same stage of production as the merged firm.
INSTITUTION
An institution is any structure of social order and co-operation governing the behaviour of a set of individuals within a given human community; they are identified with a social purpose and permanence, transcending individual human lives and intentions, and with the making and enforcing of rules governing co-operative human behaviour.
NEW MEDIA INDUSTRY
New Media is a term that emerged in the later parts of the 20th Century to include the mixture of traditional media such as images, music, film, spoken and written word, with the interactive power of computer and communications technology. The New Media Industry shares an open association with many market segments in areas such as video game design, radio, television and particularly movies advertising and marketing.
NARROWCASTING
Narrowcasting has been understood as the distribution of information (usually by radio or television) to a narrow audience, not to the general public itself. Some forms of narrowcasting entail directional signals or use of encryption. The term narrowcasting can sometimes apply to the spread of information to an audience, public or private, which is by nature geographically limited — a group such as office employees, military troops or conference attendees — and requires localized distribution of information from a shared source.
NATIONAL READERSHIP SURVEY
The NRS stands for the National Readership Survey and they estimate the readership of Britain’s major newspapers and consumer magazines, showing the nature and size of the audience they achieve. The Survey itself covers over 250 newspapers, newspaper supplements and magazines.
OFCOM
OFCOM stands for The Office of Communications and is an independent telecommunications regulator and competition authority for the communication industries within the United Kingdom, they were initially established in the enabling device, the Office of Communications act 2002, but received its full authority from the Communications Act 2003.
PRESS COMPLAINTS COMMISSION
The PCC stands for the Press Complaints commission and is an self-regulatory independent body which deals with complaints about editorial content of magazines and newspapers (as well as their websites). The PCC keep high standards by training journalists and editors and continue to work pro-actively behind the scenes to help to prevent harassment and media intrusion, and also provide pre-publication advice to the public and journalists.
PRIVATE OWNERSHIP
Private ownership means a person’s or firms right to obtain, own, control, employ, dispose of and bequeath land, capital and other forms of property, nearly anything has the ability to become private property, such as homes, furniture, computers, auto-mobiles, land etc.
PUBLIC OWNERSHIP
Public ownership is when a property is owned by people as whole, unlike private property when an individual person or artificial entities that represent the financial interests of persons, such as corporations. State ownership is also a type of public ownership and is where property interests are vested in the state rather than an individual or communities.
PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTING
In the United Kingdom, the term PSB means Public Service Broadcasting, and refers to broadcasting intended for the public’s benefit rather than for commercial concerns, Ofcom requires that certain television and radio broadcasters fulfil requirements set as a part of their licence broadcast.
REGULATORY BODY
A regulatory agency is a public authority or government agency responsible for exercising authority over some areas of human activity in a regulatory or supervisory capacity, an independent regulatory agency is a regulatory agency that is independent from other branches or arms of the government.
SELF-REGULATORY BODY
An SRO or Self-Regulatory Organization is an organization that exercises some degree of regulatory authority over a profession or industry, the authority could be applied in addition to some form of government regulation already in place or it could fill the vacuum of an absence of government oversight and regulation. While the SRO has the ability to exercise regulatory authority but this does not necessarily derive from a grant of authority from the government.
VERTICAL INTEGRATION
The term vertical integration describes a style of management control, vertically integrated companies in a supply chain are united through a common owner, usually each member of an supply chain produces an different product each, or (market-specific) service, and the products combine to satisfy a common need.
